Herpes is caused by a virus: the herpes simplex
virus (HSV). HSV is in a family of viruses called herpesviruses.
This family includes Epstein-Barr virus, the cause of mono; and
varicella zoster, the cause of chicken pox and shingles. Although
there are several viruses in the herpes virus family, each are
separate viruses and different from one another.
There are two types of herpes simplex; herpes simplex
type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2). HSV is a common
and usually mild recurrent skin condition. HSV can cause oral
herpes (cold sores or fever blisters on the mouth or facial area)
as well as genital herpes (similar symptoms in the genital region).
The majority of oral herpes or herpes labialis cases are caused
by HSV-1 and the majority of genital herpes cases are caused by
HSV-2; however, both type-1 and type-2 can occur in the genitals,
oral area or both.
Any person who is sexually active can get genital
herpes. Herpes is transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact.
This occurs when a contagious area comes into contact with a mucous
membrane, primarily the mouth and genitals. Most skin on the body
is too thick for the virus to go through. If a person with oral
herpes performs oral sex, it is possible for the partner to get
genital herpes. If a person with genital herpes has sex, it is
possible for his or her partner to get genital herpes. Herpes
can be transmitted when there are no symptoms present. There are
several days throughout the year (called asymptomatic reactivation,
asymptomatic shedding or subclinical shedding) when a person can
be contagious without having a symptom. There are no documented
cases of a person getting genital herpes from an inanimate object
such as a toilet seat, bathtub or towel. Herpes is a very fragile
virus and does not live long on surfaces.
While some people realize that they have genital
herpes, many do not and most are unaware. This is because many
people have very mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. Because
symptoms can vary a great deal, we recommend that an individual
see a health care provider to obtain a culture of the symptom.
A person may show symptoms within days after contracting genital
herpes, or it may take weeks, months or years. Some people may
have a severe outbreak within days after contracting the virus
while others may have a first outbreak so mild that they do not
notice it. It can be difficult for people to know when and from
whom they may have contracted the virus.
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